Ijara Leasing
The company sells an asset (buildings, machinery, a fleet) to the special-purpose vehicle and leases it back; the rent pays the profit and the asset returns to the company at the end.
Used for: Freeing cash tied up in existing assets, or financing a new asset.
Murabaha Cost-plus sale
The vehicle buys goods, raw materials or equipment for cash and sells them to the company on instalments.
Used for: Working capital and buying inputs.
Musharakah Partnership
Money is raised for a defined project and holders share in its profit, usually with a provisional profit paid along the way.
Used for: Development and construction projects.
Manfaa Usufruct
The future use of an asset or service (hotel capacity, airline seats, services) is sold in advance.
Used for: Service companies without enough fixed assets for ijara.
Standard parallel salam Forward sale
A standard product (steel, petrochemicals, oil products) is sold now for delivery later, with a parallel salam contract to manage the risk.
Used for: Producers of standard commodities that need working capital.
Istisna Manufacturing order
The vehicle orders the building of an asset (a plant, building or equipment) and pays as construction progresses.
Used for: Financing construction of a project.
Debt purchase Receivables
The company's deferred receivables, such as instalment sales, are sold to the vehicle at a discount.
Used for: Turning receivables into cash.